Automotive interior polymer materials

Modified plastics are important automotive lightweight materials, which can not only reduce the quality of parts by about 40%, but also reduce the procurement cost by about 40%, so the amount of modified plastics in automobiles has risen rapidly in recent years. The amount of plastic used in automobiles accounts for about 8% of the total consumption of plastics, accounting for about 10% of the total weight of automobiles, the main varieties are PP,  PU, ABS, PS, SAN, SMA, PVC, PE and so on.

Automotive interior parts include steering wheel, seat, pre-cover, inner door panel, suitcase lining, hood lining, etc. Plastic is widely used in the field of automotive interior parts because of its easy to cooperate with different materials, convenient design, good processability, light weight, easy to clean, long service life, low price, good strength and other advantages.

Instrument board

The instrument panel of European car generally uses ABS/PC and reinforced PP as the main material; Styrene/maleic anhydride SMA is widely used in the dashboard of American cars. This kind of material has low price, heat resistance and impact resistance, and good comprehensive performance. Japanese car dashboards used to be made of ABS and reinforced PP materials. Now they are mainly made of glass fiber reinforced SAN, and sometimes modified PPE with better heat resistance. With the application of electronic technology, high control technology, front-wheel drive vehicle control system and other central control systems will be concentrated around the instrument panel, so it will be possible to replace the polyethylene skin currently.

Door interior trimming panel

The construction of the inner panel of the door is basically similar to that of the instrument panel, which is made of skeleton, foam and table leather. Taking Hongqi car and Audi car as an example, the skeleton part of the inner panel of the door is made of ABS injection molding, and then the knitted polyester skin lined with PU foam material is composite on the skeleton to form a whole body by vacuum forming method.

The low pressure injection compression molding method is to put the skin material on the unsolidified polypropylene blank, and then compress it into the door plate. The skin material is TPO lined with PP soft foam layer. This kind of door panel is easy to recycle and regenerate. The door plate of the middle and low grade car can use the simple structure of wood powder filled with modified PP plate or waste fiber laminate surface composite knitted fabric, that is, there is no foam buffer structure, and some trucks even use a layer of PVC leather door plate directly.

Seat

Soft PU foaming material can be produced by hot vulcanization layer and cold vulcanization method, but considering equipment investment and material performance, the current seat cushion is mostly produced by cold vulcanization method. Considering the comfort of the seat, the density of the cushion can be changed, so that the softness and hardness can be changed with it. For example, the cushion on the backrest of Audi A6 car can use natural fiber (such as coconut shell) dipping material, which is characterized by good air permeability; The skeleton material can be GMT (glass fiber felt) instead of steel.

Direction plate

The steering wheel is generally made of self-crusted hard PU foam material foamed by high pressure or low pressure. The steering wheel structure requires tall and straight, strong, lightweight, tough outside and soft inside, and can withstand heat, cold, light and wear. Therefore, the coating is mostly made of modified PP, PVC, PU, ABS and other resins, and the skeleton is generally made of steel skeleton and aluminum injection. Considering the lightweight, the glass fiber reinforced PA is also used to replace the iron core. In order to pursue luxury, comfort, feel good, now the steering wheel surface part of the added peach wood decoration or leather foreskin.

Ceiling and rear enclosure

Inside the roof, after the surrounding (mainly for heavy vehicles) is the interior of the material and variety patterns of the most a kind of composite laminated products, its role in addition to the decorative function, but also plays a special function such as heat insulation, sound insulation. The ceiling and the back are generally composed of the substrate and the skin. The substrate needs to have the characteristics of light weight, high rigidity, stable size and easy forming. For this reason, the thermoplastic polyurethane foamed inner material, PP foamed inner material, thermoplastic felt inner material, glass fiber corrugated, honeycomb plastic belt, etc.

Skin material available fabric, non-woven fabric, TPO, PVC, etc. Our country's car roof generally uses TPO foam sheet, glass fiber, non-woven polyester cloth material laminated molding. The types of ceilings are forming ceilings, bonding ceilings and lifting ceilings, of which the forming ceilings account for more than 70%. The truck is mainly used to form the roof, the base material is thermoset or thermoplastic felt, pressed and molded, and the skin material is knitted fabric, non-woven fabric, PVC, etc.

Engine cover and floor mat

Engine cover and floor mat are important interior parts of medium and heavy duty vehicles and buses. Now, the engine cover is generally PVC leather after blister and polyether polyalcohol and isocyanate foaming filled, mainly play the role of sound absorption, heat insulation, shock absorption and beautification of the car environment.
 The floor mat in the car is commonly made of beautiful, beautiful compound molding mat (such as rubber, PVC, wool, hemp).

Other parts

In addition to the above plastic interior parts, there are sunshade, door handle, threshold trim, side window anti-frost device, sundry box and cover and other sound-absorbing materials.

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